High-resolution core-level photoemission data from the 1s level of Li(110) have been obtained between 77 and 280 K. Analysis of the data reveals a significant difference in the zero-temperature phonon broadening between the bulk and surface atoms but only a small difference in the effective surface and bulk Debye temperatures. This latter result is in good agreement with an embedded-atom-method calculation of the bulk and surface Debye temperatures of Li. Implications of these results to surface core-level phonon broadening and surface lattice dynamics of the heavier alkali metals are discussed.