The current study reports the development from the MRNI-R (Levant, Rankin, Williams, Hasan, & Smalley, 2010) of the 21-item Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF). Confirmatory factor analysis of MRNI-SF responses from a sample of 1017 undergraduate participants (549 men, 468 women) indicated that the best-fitting “bi-factor” model incorporated the hypothesized seven-factor structure while explicitly modeling an additional, general traditional masculinity ideology factor. Specifically, each item-level indicator loaded on two factors: a general traditional masculinity ideology factor and a specific factor corresponding to one of the seven hypothesized traditional masculinity ideology norms. The bi-factor model was assessed for measurement invariance across gender groups, with findings of full configural invariance and partial metric invariance, such that factor loadings were equivalent across the gender groups for the seven specific factors, but not for the general traditional masculinity ideology factor. Theoretical explanations for this latter result include the potential that men’s sense of self or identity may be engaged when responding to questions asking to what extent they agree or disagree with normative statements about their behavior, a possibility that could be investigated in future research by examining the associations of the general and specific factors with measures of masculine identity. Additional exploratory invariance analyses demonstrated latent mean differences between men and women on four of the eight factors, and equivocal results for invariance of item intercepts, item uniquenesses, and factor variances-covariances.