A one-step microwave-assisted pyrolysis of ionic liquid process is developed to synthesize carbon-coated LiFePO4 by using the ionic liquid [BMIm]N(CN)2 as a carbon source. A thin layer of uniform and nanoscaled carbon film is formed on the LiFePO4 particles surface with a strong interface. The electrochemical properties of LiFePO4 are improved due to the carbon coating which increases the electronic conductivity of LiFePO4. The results indicate that the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of ionic liquid process is a rapid and efficient method to prepare carbon-coated LiFePO4 material and other carbon-coated electrode materials.