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Article
Normalization of Urinary Pteridines by Urine Specific Gravity for Early Cancer Detection
Clinica Chimica Acta
  • Casey Burton
  • Honglan Shi, Missouri University of Science and Technology
  • Yinfa Ma, Missouri University of Science and Technology
Abstract

Background: Urinary biomarkers, such as pteridines, require normalization with respect to an individual's hydration status and time since last urination. Conventional creatinine-based corrections are affected by a multitude of patient factors whereas urine specific gravity (USG) is a bulk specimen property that may better resist those same factors. We examined the performance of traditional creatinine adjustments relative to USG to six urinary pteridines in aggressive and benign breast cancers. Methods: 6-Biopterin, neopterin, pterin, 6-hydroxymethylpterin, isoxanthopterin, xanthopterin, and creatinine were analyzed in 50 urine specimens with a previously developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Creatinine and USG performance were evaluated with non-parametric Mann-Whitney hypothesis testing. Results: USG and creatinine were moderately correlated (r= 0.857) with deviations occurring in dilute and concentrated specimens. In 48 aggressive and benign breast cancers, normalization by USG significantly outperformed creatinine adjustments which marginally outperformed uncorrected pteridines in predicting pathological status. In addition, isoxanthopterin and xanthopterin were significantly higher in pathological specimens when normalized by USG. Conclusion: USG, as a bulk property, can provide better performance over creatinine-based normalizations for urinary pteridines in cancer detection applications.

Department(s)
Chemistry
Keywords and Phrases
  • Breast Cancer,
  • Creatinine,
  • Pteridine,
  • Renal Dilution,
  • Urine Normalization,
  • Urine Specific Gravity,
  • 6 Biopterin,
  • 6 Hydroxymethylpterin,
  • Isoxanthopterin,
  • Neopterin,
  • Pterin,
  • Pterin Derivative,
  • Tumor Marker,
  • Unclassified Drug,
  • Xanthopterin, Aged,
  • Bulk Density,
  • Cancer Diagnosis,
  • Clinical Article,
  • Controlled Study,
  • Creatinine Urine Level,
  • Early Diagnosis,
  • Female,
  • Human,
  • Liquid Chromatography,
  • Priority Journal,
  • Renal System Parameters,
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry,
  • Urinalysis,
  • Urine Density,
  • Very Elderly
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2014 Elsevier, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
8-1-2014
Publication Date
01 Aug 2014
Disciplines
Citation Information
Casey Burton, Honglan Shi and Yinfa Ma. "Normalization of Urinary Pteridines by Urine Specific Gravity for Early Cancer Detection" Clinica Chimica Acta Vol. 435 (2014) p. 42 - 47 ISSN: 0009-8981
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/yinfa-ma/28/