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Removal of N-nitrosamine Precursors in Drinking Water System using Adsorption Methods
Separation and Purification Technology
  • Qihua Wu
  • Honglan Shi, Missouri University of Science and Technology
  • Yinfa Ma, Missouri University of Science and Technology
  • Craig D. Adams, Missouri University of Science and Technology
  • Hua Jiang
  • Jianmin Wang, Missouri University of Science and Technology
  • Todd Eichholz
  • Terry Timmons
Abstract

With the increasing usage of chloramines in drinking water treatment to control regulated disinfection byproducts, control of the formation of N-nitrosamines has now became problematic as N-nitrosamines are generally formed during chloramination, and in distribution systems using chloramine as a secondary disinfectant. The preferred way to minimize the N-nitrosamine formation is to remove N-nitrosamine formation precursors from the source water. This paper reports studies for the removal of seven N-nitrosamine precursors (i.e., dimethylamine, ethylmethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, trimethylamine, 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine and 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole) using adsorption by zeolites and powdered activated carbons in both laboratory reagent water and untreated source water. Zeolites have showed promising removal for most of the secondary and tertiary amines precursors. Over 80% of ethylmethylamine, diethylamine, trimethylamine and 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole) were removed by Mordenite zeolite in laboratory reagent water at only 10 mg/L of adsorbents with a contact time of 4 h, while over 70% of diethylamine and 60% of dipropylamine were removed under the same condition. More than 90% of these precursors were removed by increasing the Mordenite zeolite concentration to 100 mg/L. The removal efficiencies were decreased in surface water sample. The effects of contact time and adsorbent dosage of Mordenite zeolite were also evaluated and adsorption isotherms were analyzed by using both Freundlich and Langmuir equations. The two powdered activated carbons were shown, however, to have higher removal efficiency for the two less hydrophilic tertiary amines. The combination of these two types of adsorbents for drinking water treatment may be an option for the control of N-nitrosamine precursors before chloramination, and merits further testing at pilot and full scale.

Department(s)
Chemistry
Second Department
Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering
Keywords and Phrases
  • Adsorption By Zeolite,
  • Chloramination,
  • Drinking Water Disinfection Byproduct,
  • N-nitrosamine Precursors,
  • N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA),
  • Activated Carbon,
  • Adsorbents,
  • Adsorption,
  • Amination,
  • Amines,
  • Byproducts,
  • Disinfection,
  • Efficiency,
  • Nitrosamines,
  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,
  • Potable Water,
  • Removal,
  • Surface Waters,
  • Water Distribution Systems,
  • Water Treatment,
  • Zeolites,
  • Chloramination,
  • Disinfection By-product,
  • Distribution Systems,
  • Drinking Water Disinfection,
  • Drinking Water Systems,
  • N-nitrosamines,
  • N-nitrosodimethylamine,
  • Powdered Activated Carbon,
  • Water
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2015 Elsevier, All rights reserved.
Publication Date
12-1-2015
Publication Date
01 Dec 2015
Citation Information
Qihua Wu, Honglan Shi, Yinfa Ma, Craig D. Adams, et al.. "Removal of N-nitrosamine Precursors in Drinking Water System using Adsorption Methods" Separation and Purification Technology Vol. 156 Iss. 3 (2015) p. 972 - 979 ISSN: 1383-5866
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/yinfa-ma/143/