Teachers' understanding of the process of speech perception could inform practice in listening classrooms. Catford (1950) developed a model for speech perception taking into account the influence of the acoustic features of the linguistic forms used by the speaker, whereby the listener 'identifies' and 'interprets' these linguistic forms based on the association between them and the context of speech. This paper critically reviews Catford's model and proposes an alternative one distinguishing between two levels of perceiving speech: word recognition and utterance comprehension. Smith and Nelson (1985) refer to these as 'intelligibility' and 'comprehensibility', respectively. The proposed model could inform classroom practice as well as curriculum and material design.