This article discusses the development of a tool to support comprehensive analysis of national learning assessment systems, known as the Analysis of National Learning Assessment Systems (ANLAS). The agenda around the Sustainable Development Goal for Education (SDG 4) to “ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all” by 2030, has reinforced a focus on quality in education systems worldwide. To establish, monitor and improve education quality, data on learning outcomes are crucial. At the global level, learning data allow us to investigate trends and uncover issues of global relevance. Learning assessments in various forms and scope have become an important tool for policymakers and practitioners to gain information on student learning.