Although parental and peer smoking behaviors and attitudes have been related to adolescent cigarette use in prior studies, these relationships have often been inconsistent across studies, and rarely have both behaviors and both attitudes simultaneously been tested. This study sought to address that shortcoming by applying norm focus theory to understand adolescent cigarette use and simultaneously testing the relative influence of parental and peer smoking behaviors and parental and peer attitudes towards adolescent smoking on adolescent cigarette use. A logistic regression was used to analyze the relative influences of norms on recent adolescent cigarette use in a sample of rural, Midwestern youth. Self-reported adolescent cigarette use was negatively predicted by youths' perceptions of parental objections to adolescent smoking and positively predicted by youths' perceptions of adolescent smoking being common among their peers. Parental smoking behavior and peer injunctions against smoking, though modestly correlated with adolescent cigarette use, were not significant predictors in the regression model, but limited sample size provided insufficient power to detect smaller effects. Neither family structure, socioeconomic status, or parental monitoring were significant predictors of adolescent cigarette use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)