- offshore renewable energies,
- offshore oil and gas industry,
- deep ocean capacity building,
- capacity building,
- observing technologies,
- ecosystem-based management,
- environmental impact assessment,
- deep sea industries
The deep ocean comprises complex ecosystems made up of numerous community and habitat types that provide multiple services that benefit humans. As the industrialization of the deep sea proceeds, a standardized and robust set of methods and metrics need to be developed to monitor the baseline conditions and any anthropogenic and climate change-related impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem function, and ecosystem services. Here, we review what we have learned from studies involving offshore-energy industries, including state-of-the-art technologies and strategies for obtaining reliable metrics of deep-sea biodiversity and ecosystem function. An approach that includes the detection and monitoring of ecosystem services, with open access to baseline data from multiple sectors, can help to improve our global capacity for the management of the deep ocean.
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/tracey-sutton/317/
© 2023 Bravo, Brandt, van der Grient, Dahlgren, Esquete, Gollner, Jones, Levin, McClain, Narayanaswamy, Sutton, Victorero and Cordes. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms