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Article
Solar Response and Long‐Term Trend of Midlatitude Mesopause Region Temperature Based on 28 Years (1990–2017) of Na Lidar Observations
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
  • Chiao-Yao She, Colorado State University
  • Uwe Berger, Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics
  • Zhao-Ai Yan, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  • Tao Yuan, Utah State University
  • F.-J. Lübken, Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics
  • David A. Krueger, Colorado State University
  • Xiong Hu, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Document Type
Article
Publisher
Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
Publication Date
7-15-2019
Disciplines
Abstract

We present midlatitude solar response and linear trend from Colorado State University/Utah State University Na lidar nocturnal temperature observations between 1990 and 2017. Along with the nightly mean temperatures (_Ngt), we also use the corresponding 2‐hr means centered at midnight (_2MN), resulting in vertical trend profiles similar in shapes as those previously published. The 28‐year trend from _Ngt (_2MN) data set starts from a small warming at 85 km, to cooling at 87 (88) km, reaching a maximum of 1.85 ± 0.53 (1.09 ± 0.74) at 92 (93) km and turns positive again at 102 (100) km. The 6‐month winter trend is much cooler than the 4‐month summer trend with comparable solar response varying around 5 ± 1 K/100 SFU throughout the profile (85–105 km) with higher summer values. We explore the observed summer/winter trend difference in terms of observed gravity wave heat flux heating rate at a nearby station and the long‐term trend of gravity wave variance at a midlatitude. Between 89 and 100 km, the lidar trends are within the error bars of the Leibniz Middle Atmosphere (LIMA) summer trends (1979–2013), which are nearly identical to the lidar‐Ngt trend. We address the need of long data set for reliable analysis on trend, the extent of trend uncertainty due to possible tidal bias, the effect of a Pinatubo/episodic function, and the impact of stratospheric ozone recovery.

Citation Information
She, C.‐Y., Berger, U., Yan, Z.‐A., Yuan, T., Lübken, F.‐J., Krueger, D. A., & Hu, X. ( 2019). Solar response and long‐term trend of midlatitude mesopause region temperature based on 28 years (1990–2017) of Na lidar observations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 124. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026759