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Article
Evaluation of WRF SCM Simulations of Stratocumulus-Topped Marine and Coastal Boundary Layers and Improvements to Turbulence and Entrainment Parameterizations
Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
  • Mohamed S. Ghonima, University of California, San Diego
  • Handa Yang, University of California, San Diego
  • Chang Ki Kim, Korea Institute of Energy Research
  • Thijs Heus, Cleveland State University
  • Jan Kleissl, University of California, San Diego
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
11-1-2017
Disciplines
Abstract

© 2017. The Authors. Stratocumulus-topped boundary layers (STBLs) are notoriously difficult to parameterize in single-column models due to the strong inversion layer across which entrainment mixing plays an important role in modulating the boundary layer mass, energy, and moisture balances. We compare three different WRF planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes (Yonsei University, YSU; Asymmetric Convective Model version 2, ACM2; Mellor-Yamada-Nakanishi-Niino, MYNN) against large eddy simulations (LES) to find out that they underestimate entrainment flux in stratocumulus over both ocean and coastal land. Hence, the PBL schemes produce a cooler, moister STBL with higher liquid water content. In order to improve the entrainment parameterization, we propose a modification to the YSU scheme that takes into account the in-cloud turbulence flux contribution to cloud top entrainment through the formulation of a velocity scale based on the in-cloud buoyancy flux. A revised top-down mixing profile is also implemented to model mixing due to turbulence generated by longwave cooling at the cloud top. The modified YSU simulates stronger entrainment flux, resulting in a STBL that matches LES results. Similar modifications were made to ACM2 in addition to implementing explicit entrainment, and while the results also showed good agreement with LES, discretization issues and conflicts with its original design prevent immediate implementation, as the contribution from the modifications and the original scheme are difficult to correctly modulate.

DOI
10.1002/2017MS001092
Version
Publisher's PDF
Creative Commons License
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 International
Citation Information
Mohamed S. Ghonima, Handa Yang, Chang Ki Kim, Thijs Heus, et al.. "Evaluation of WRF SCM Simulations of Stratocumulus-Topped Marine and Coastal Boundary Layers and Improvements to Turbulence and Entrainment Parameterizations" Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Vol. 9 Iss. 7 (2017) p. 2635 - 2653
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/thijs-heus/27/