Three genetically diverse chicken lines were used to evaluate genetic line differences and pathogen affect on early cytokine gene expression to Salmonella enteritidis. Cytokines are communication molecules in the immune system. Early cytokine involvement is critical to a host’s ability to mount an effective immune response to S. enteritidis. Knowledge of genetic differences in cytokine expression will facilitate a greater understanding of host and pathogen dynamics, and may enable selection for enhanced disease resistance to this pathogen.