Wheat and alfalfa growers in the Northern Plains face a number of challenges in managing their farms. With the implementation of stricter environmental regulations that ban burning in many locations, wheat residue management has become particularly difficult; large amounts of residue after harvest can hamper no-till or low-till field operations, and wheat residue also provides a habitat for wheat stem sawfly, a major pest in the Northern Plains. Weed management and moisture conservation in summer fallow rotations also present challenges for dryland wheat farmers.