The questions raised by AI are from legal and ethical point of views are rather complex. But it is Privacy that has been flagged as the biggest concern surrounding the development of AI systems. In this lecture I would like to  focus on some of the privacy and data protection issues and what we should do about it. Good regulation, in my view, is only part of the answer. Actually there is quite a lot to do even though we have implemented  GDPR. Probably 2018 will go down as the year of data protection not only because of the GDPR  but because we have realised that for past few years, basic principles of DP has been infringed repeatedly.  As we all know AI — in particular, machine learning — inherently relies on gathering large amounts of data, that are used to make assumptions about people, things. These practices can interfere with the fundamental rights to privacy and DP. In an ideal world our governments must develop comprehensive frameworks to protect these rights. For example GDPR  enhances users’ rights, and it includes a reference to a “right to explanation” in the law. This language is aimed at ensuring that we are informed about the logic of the algorithms used to make decisions about us. This right-to-explanation concept is intended to improve transparency and accountability for machine-assisted decision-making. There are two problems here first it is not that straightforward but second more importantly How it impose  human rights will depend on how our courts will interpret it.