Research and development of harvesting and transportation systems to efficiently and economically move corn stover from the field to biomass processing facilities has been ongoing for the past several years. To accomplish this, simple and effective equipment that allows rapid collection of large quantities of stover must be developed, without significant interference of other harvest operations. The primary emphasis of this work has been on innovative single-pass corn and stover harvesting systems, which have both economic and technical advantages for bioconversion processes. The two fundamental issues that must be addressed are (1) the development of biomass harvesters and supporting equipment for field operations and (2) densification of the harvested material to minimize transportation costs.