This chapter will introduce CTA by broadly describing the research and experience base supporting this practice. The chapter will begin by describing why practitioners may need to conduct a CTA and the different ways people use CTA to create a variety of performance improvement solutions. The chapter will then describe several approaches blended to form a hybrid CTA technique called Facilitated Case-Based Reasoning (F-CBR). Next, the chapter will describe how to conduct an F-CBR and its use in a recent effort. The chapter will conclude by summarizing the benefits of this CTA technique.