This chapter examines the relationship between complex, generative conceptual cultural models and the actions and decisions farmers make in their agricultural lives. It is part of an international collaboration that focused specifically on primary food producers in different parts of the world. In part, the motivation was to develop a better understanding of the significance of idea systems and their practical manifestations. Lurking beneath the esoteric anthropological questions about knowledge production and its impact on behaviors, however, were very practical concerns about the effects of changing context of primary food producers.