Aircraft mishaps involving spatial disorientation (SD) in commercial and military aircraft remains a significant hazard during air operations. Over the past 20 years, a number of mathematical models of spatial orientation have been developed to predict the orientation and motion perception of a pilot when subjected to the acceleration environment of flight. These current spatial orientation models are adequate to address many types of mishaps. However, they do not address all of the relevant operational factors encountered in flight operations and/or all of the factors present in spatial orientation awareness. We have identified the following desired capabilities for an advanced spatial orientation model; ability to integrate visual conditions; including pilot gaze and model the use of Night Vision Devices, account for individual differences - especially experience, flights with large roll and pitch maneuvers, and dynamic G-Excess situations.