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Whatever else the feminist movement may have accomplished, it has established the fact that Western society, including the Christian church, is male-dominated.(1) Some are convinced that this state of affairs corresponds to the divine plan of God.(2) Others, both men and women, are convinced that the God of Judeo-Christian revelation calls us to liberate ourselves and one another from what can only be called the shackles of sexism, as we are to liberate ourselves from racism, anti-Semitism, and every other form of human oppression.(3) In this article I am not concerned primarily with the fact of this male dominance, nor with its injustice, nor with strategies for overcoming it. Rather, I want to investigate the effect of the experience of male dominance, whether welcomed or rejected, on the religious experience or spirituality of women. In particular, I am interested in how their experience of religious marginalization, exclusion, and subordination has affected women’s ministry and their sense of themselves in relation to God.(4)
Reprinted in Women’s Spirituality: Resources for Christian Development. Edited by Joann Wolski Conn, 31-48. New York/Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 1986. (See additional file for PDF of this book chapter. Reprinted with permission of Paulist Press.)