Increasing the success of racial and ethnic minority students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has become a critical issue. Yet, relatively low rates of success among minority students in STEM education persist. Thus, understanding how to maximize success among racial and ethnic minorities in STEM education is evermore critical. This monograph includes an analysis of over 300 books, book chapters, journal articles, and policy reports to synthesize the factors that influence minority students' success in STEM and generate an explanatory model of how various policy, institutional, and individual factors determine minority student outcomes in STEM.