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Article
Temporal Dynamics of Preferential Flow to a Subsurface Drain
Soil Science Society of America Journal
  • Dan B. Jaynes, United States Department of Agriculture
  • Syed I. Ahmed, Iowa State University
  • K.-J. S. Kung, University of Wisconsin–Madison
  • Ramesh S. Kanwar, Iowa State University
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2001
DOI
10.2136/sssaj2001.6551368x
Abstract

We conducted a sequential tracer leaching study on a 24.4 by 42.7 m field plot to investigate the temporal behavior of chemical movement to a 1.2-m deep field drain during irrigation and subsequent rainfall events over a 14-d period. The herbicides atrazine [6-chloroN-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], and alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] along with the conservative tracer Br were applied to a 1-m wide strip, offset 1.5 m laterally from a subsurface drain pipe, immediately before an 11.3-h long, 4.2-mm h−1 irrigation. Three additional conservative tracers, pentafluorobenzoate (PF), o-trifluoromethylbenzoate (TF), and difluorobenzoate (DF) were applied to the strip during the irrigation at 2-h intervals. Breakthrough of Br and the two herbicides occurred within the first 2-h of irrigation, indicating that a fraction of the solute transport was along preferential flow paths. Retardation and attenuation of the herbicides indicated that there was interaction between the chemicals and the soil lining the preferential pathways. The conservative tracers applied during the later stages of irrigation arrived at the subsurface drain much faster than tracers applied earlier. The final tracer, applied 6 h after the start of irrigation (DF), took only 15 min and 1 mm of irrigation water to travel to the subsurface drain. Model simulations using a two-dimensional, convective, and dispersive numerical model without an explicit preferential flow component failed to reproduce Br tracer concentrations in the drain effluent, confirming the importance of preferential flow. This study showed that preferential flow in this soil is not a uniform process during a leaching event.

Comments

This article is from Soil Science Society of America Journal 65 (2001): 1368–1376, doi:10.2136/sssaj2001.6551368x.

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Open
Rights
Works produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted.
Language
en
File Format
application/pdf
Citation Information
Dan B. Jaynes, Syed I. Ahmed, K.-J. S. Kung and Ramesh S. Kanwar. "Temporal Dynamics of Preferential Flow to a Subsurface Drain" Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 65 Iss. 5 (2001) p. 1368 - 1376
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/rskanwar/78/