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Article
Real-Time Sensing of Soil Nitrate Concentration in the Parts per Million Range While the Soil Is in Motion
Applied Spectroscopy
  • Roger W. Jones, Iowa State University
  • Samuel J. Rathke, Iowa State University
  • David A. Laird, Iowa State University
  • John F. McClelland, Iowa State University
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
9-1-2013
DOI
10.1366/13-07064
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen (Nr) is a term used to describe non-nitrogen gas (non-N2) forms of nitrogen (N) in the biosphere. It causes major pollution problems when it occurs in excess, and it has many sources, including fertilizers used in production agriculture. Currently there is no on-the-go soil nitrate sensor that could guide the application of the optimal amount of fertilizer, which often varies significantly within a field. We report for the first time nitrate-in-soil measurements performed on moving soil samples at concentration levels relevant for fertilizer application. An infrared emission technique called transient infrared spectroscopy (TIRS) was tested on soil samples spiked with different nitrate concentrations in the parts-per-million range and moving at a velocity of 2.6 m/s (5.8 miles per hour) in the laboratory. The TIRS Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were modeled by partial least squares and produced a standard error of cross-validation (SECV) of 6.3 parts per million (ppm) N and an R 2 of 0.938 for 512-scan spectra. These results are compared to those using fewer TIRS scans and to those from photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) measurements on stationary samples. TIRS 128-, 32-, and 8-scan spectra yielded SECVs of 11.2, 11.4, and 18.4 ppm N and R 2 values of 0.800, 0.831, and 0.583, respectively. The PAS and DRIFTS measurements produced SECVs of 12.4 and 9.0 ppm N and R 2 values of 0.766 and 0.876, respectively.
Comments

This paper was published in Applied Spectroscopy 67 (2013): 1106 and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: doi: 10.1366/13-07064.

Copyright Owner
Society for Applied Spectroscopy
Language
en
File Format
application/pdf
Citation Information
Roger W. Jones, Samuel J. Rathke, David A. Laird and John F. McClelland. "Real-Time Sensing of Soil Nitrate Concentration in the Parts per Million Range While the Soil Is in Motion" Applied Spectroscopy Vol. 67 Iss. 9 (2013) p. 1106 - 1110
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/roger_jones/6/