We present the results of measurements of the liquid structure factor, S(k), for liquid 4He at saturated vapor pressure at seven temperatures between 1.38 and 4.24 K over the momentum-transfer range k<~5.1 Å-1. The results are compared with previous measurements carried out by both x-ray and neutron scattering techniques. Comparison with recent theoretical work emphasizes the importance of higher-order correlations and more realistic potentials in the description of the liquid. Measurements in the vicinity of the λ transition document a loss in spatial order as the liquid is cooled through Tλ.