This article examines contemporary economic, political and social conditions in Latin America. A combination of three key analytical concepts are used to provide an integrated and global conceptualization of the predominant social structures, processes and relations in the societies located in this important region of the world. These three concepts are capital, inequality, and injustice. The application of these analytically powerful concepts to the analysis of the historical development and contemporary affairs of the Latin American societies reveals the fundamental social relations of contemporary capitalism that are primarily responsible for the pronounced extent of inequality and injustice that characterize the societies in this region.