This article discusses the organization and distribution of ancient towers on the Paximadi peninsula of southern Euboia, most of which date to the Classical period. Much attention has been given to the sporadic occurrence and possible uses of stone-built towers in different regions and time periods in Greece. Rather than identifying a single function for the Paximadi towers, the authors suggest that they fulfilled a variety of roles over time. Thus, changes in their form and distribution can be used to model how the rural landscape was exploited under different political and economic regimes.