Hormone refractory human prostate cancer cell lines are known to be radioresistant, a feature attributed to their ability to induce anti-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family when exposed to radiation. We investigated whether pro-apoptotic compounds such as methyl jasmonate, a plant stress hormone, can counteract the radiation-induced anti-apoptotic mechanism in a human prostate cancer cell line PC-3. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in cytotoxicity was observed in the combined treatment groups compared to single treatments with methyl jasmonate or γ-radiation. Treatment of irradiated PC-3 cells with methyl jasmonate resulted in suppression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and elevation of caspase-3 activity. Our results showed increased apoptosis in the combined treatment group as compared to the irradiated group or the untreated control. In summary, methyl jasmonate suppressed the radiation-induced Bcl-2 expression and enhanced the radiation sensitivity of human prostate cancer cells. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.