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Article
Near-Silence of Isothiocyanate Carbon in ¹³C NMR Spectra: A Case Study of Allyl Isothiocyanate
Journal of Organic Chemistry
  • Rainer Glaser, Missouri University of Science and Technology
  • Roman Hillebrand
  • Wei G. Wycoff
  • Cory Camasta
  • Kent S. Gates
Abstract

1H and 13C NMR spectra of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) were measured, and the exchange dynamics were studied to explain the near-silence of the ITC carbon in 13C NMR spectra. The dihedral angles α = ∠(C1-C2-C3-N4) and β = ∠(C2-C3-N4-C5) describe the conformational dynamics (conformation change), and the bond angles γ = ∠(C3-N4-C5) and ε = ∠(N4-C5-S6) dominate the molecular dynamics (conformer flexibility). The conformation space of AITC contains three minima, Cs-M1 and enantiomers M2 and M2′; the exchange between conformers is very fast, and conformational effects on 13C chemical shifts are small (νM1 - νM2 < 3 ppm). Isotropic chemical shifts, ICS(γ), were determined for sp, spx, and sp2 N-hybridization, and the γ dependencies of δ(N4) and δ(C5) are very large (10-33 ppm). Atom-centered density matrix propagation trajectories show that every conformer can access a large region of the potential energy surface AITC(γ,ε,...) with 120° < γ < 180° and 155° < ε < 180°. Because the extreme broadening of the 13C NMR signal of the ITC carbon is caused by the structural flexibility of every conformer of AITC, the analysis provides a general explanation for the near-silence of the ITC carbon in 13C NMR spectra of organic isothiocyanates.

Department(s)
Chemistry
Keywords and Phrases
  • Carbon,
  • Chemical shift,
  • Dihedral angle,
  • Molecular dynamics,
  • Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,
  • Potential energy,
  • Quantum chemistry,
  • Allyl isothiocyanate,
  • Conformation change,
  • Conformational dynamics,
  • Conformational effect,
  • Exchange dynamics,
  • Isothiocyanates,
  • Isotropic chemical shifts,
  • Structural flexibilities,
  • Conformations,
  • allyl isothiocyanate,
  • carbon,
  • allyl compound,
  • isothiocyanic acid,
  • isothiocyanic acid derivative,
  • atom,
  • carbon nuclear magnetic resonance,
  • chemical bond,
  • chemical structure,
  • conformational transition,
  • density,
  • chemistry,
  • conformation,
  • nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,
  • quantum theory,
  • Allyl Compounds,
  • Carbon,
  • Carbon Isotopes,
  • Isothiocyanates,
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy,
  • Models,
  • Molecular,
  • Molecular Conformation,
  • Quantum Theory
Document Type
Article - Journal
Document Version
Citation
File Type
text
Language(s)
English
Rights
© 2015 American Chemical Society (ACS), All rights reserved.
Publication Date
4-1-2015
Publication Date
01 Apr 2015
Disciplines
Citation Information
Rainer Glaser, Roman Hillebrand, Wei G. Wycoff, Cory Camasta, et al.. "Near-Silence of Isothiocyanate Carbon in ¹³C NMR Spectra: A Case Study of Allyl Isothiocyanate" Journal of Organic Chemistry Vol. 80 Iss. 9 (2015) p. 4360 - 4369 ISSN: 0022-3263; 1520-6904
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/rainer-glaser/84/