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Squeezed Nanocrystals: Equilibrium Configuration of Metal Clusters Embedded Beneath the Surface of a Layered Material
Nanoscale
  • Scott E. Julien, Northeastern University
  • Ann Lii-Rosales, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory
  • Kai-tak Wan, Northeastern University
  • Yong Han, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory
  • Michael C. Tringides, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory
  • James W. Evans, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory
  • Patricia A. Thiel, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory
Document Type
Article
Publication Version
Published Version
Publication Date
1-1-2019
DOI
10.1039/C8NR10549A
Abstract

Shapes of functional metallic nanocrystals, typically synthesized either free in solution or supported on surfaces, are key for controlling properties. Here, we consider a novel new class of metallic nanocrystals, copper islands embedded near the surface of graphite, which can be considered a model system for metals embedded beneath surfaces of layered materials, or beneath supported membranes. We develop a continuum elasticity (CE) model for the equilibrium shape of these islands, and compare its predictions with experimental data. The CE model incorporates appropriate surface energy, adhesion energies, and strain energy. The agreement between the CE model and the data is—with one exception—excellent, both qualitatively and quantitatively, and is achieved with a single adjustable parameter. The model predicts that the embedded island shape is invariant with size, manifest both by constant side slope and by constant aspect ratio. This prediction is rationalized by dimensional analysis of the relevant energetic contributions. The aspect ratio of an embedded Cu cluster is much larger than that of a supported but non-embedded Cu cluster, due to resistance of the graphene membrane to deformation. Experimental data diverge from the model predictions only in the case of the aspect ratio of small islands, below a critical height of ~10 nm. The divergence may be due to bending strain, which is treated only approximately in the model. Strong support for the CE model and its interpretation is provided by additional data for embedded Fe clusters. Most of these observations and insights should be generally applicable to systems where a metal cluster is embedded beneath a layered material or supported membrane, provided that shape equilibration is possible.

Comments

This article is published as Julien, Scott E., Ann Lii-Rosales, Kai-tak Wan, Yong Han, Michael Tringides, James W. Evans and Patricia A Thiel. "Squeezed Nanocrystals: Equilibrium Configuration of Metal Clusters Embedded Beneath the Surface of a Layered Material." Nanoscale 11, no. 13 (2019): 6445-6452. DOI: 10.1039/C8NR10549A. Posted with permission.

Creative Commons License
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0
Copyright Owner
The Royal Society of Chemistry
Language
en
File Format
application/pdf
Citation Information
Scott E. Julien, Ann Lii-Rosales, Kai-tak Wan, Yong Han, et al.. "Squeezed Nanocrystals: Equilibrium Configuration of Metal Clusters Embedded Beneath the Surface of a Layered Material" Nanoscale Vol. 11 Iss. 13 (2019) p. 6445 - 6452
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/patricia_thiel/154/