Newman and History by Edward Short is a collection of essays, talks, and book reviews that address John Henry Newman’s philosophy of history, his Victorian contemporaries, and his broad historical context. Three of the essays address early Christianity, especially with regard to the anti-Roman Catholic English gaze, which decried the supposed superstitious elements of contemporary Roman Catholics and of early Christians. The first essay, “Newman, Gibbon and God’s Particular Providence,” explores the differences in philosophy and method between Newman and the historian, Edward Gibbon (1737–1794), who authored the famed and influential Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.