Article
FootprintID: Indoor Pedestrian Identification through Ambient Structural Vibration Sensing
ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies
(2017)
Abstract
We present FootprintID, an indoor pedestrian identification system that utilizes footstep-induced structural vibration to infer pedestrian identities for enabling various smart building applications. Previous studies have explored other sensing methods, including vision-, RF-, mobile-, and acoustic-based methods. They often require specific sensing conditions, including line-of-sight, high sensor density, and carrying wearable devices. Vibration-based methods, on the other hand, provide easy-to-install sparse sensing and utilize gait to distinguish different individuals. However, the challenge for these methods is that the signals are sensitive to the gait variations caused by different walking speeds and the floor variations caused by structural heterogeneity.
We present FootprintID, a vibration-based approach that achieves robust pedestrian identification. The system uses vibration sensors to detect footstep-induced vibrations. It then selects vibration signals and classifiers to accommodate sensing variations, taking step location and frequency into account. We utilize the physical insight on how individual step signal changes with walking speeds and introduce an iterative transductive learning algorithm (ITSVM) to achieve robust classification with limited labeled training data. When trained only on the average walking speed and tested on different walking speeds, FootprintID achieves up to 96% accuracy and a 3X improvement in extreme speeds compared to the Support Vector Machine. Furthermore, it achieves up to 90% accuracy (1.5X improvement) in uncontrolled experiments.
Keywords
- Machine Learning,
- Ambient Vibration Sensing,
- Structural Vibration,
- Pedestrian Identification,
- Transductive Learning
Disciplines
Publication Date
September 11, 2017
DOI
10.1145/3130954
Publisher Statement
@article{pan17footprintid,
author = {Pan, Shijia and Yu, Tong and Mirshekari, Mostafa and Fagert, Jonathon and Bonde, Amelie and Mengshoel, Ole J. and Noh, Hae Young and Zhang, Pei},
title = {FootprintID: Indoor Pedestrian Identification Through Ambient Structural Vibration Sensing},
journal = {Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.},
issue_date = {September 2017},
volume = {1},
number = {3},
month = sep,
year = {2017},
issn = {2474-9567},
pages = {89:1--89:31},
articleno = {89},
numpages = {31},
url = {http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/3130954},
doi = {10.1145/3130954},
acmid = {3130954},
publisher = {ACM},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
keywords = {ambient vibration sensing, pedestrian identification, structural vibration}
}
Citation Information
Shijia Pan, Tong Yu, Mostafa Mirshekari, Jonathon Fagert, et al.. "FootprintID: Indoor Pedestrian Identification through Ambient Structural Vibration Sensing" ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies Vol. 1 Iss. 3 (2017) p. 1 - 31 Available at: http://works.bepress.com/ole_mengshoel/66/