Recent developments and trends in the use of headspace sampling with gas chromatography (GC) are reviewed and discussed. A brief overview of headspace analysis techniques and theory references is provided, followed by publication trend data on the various headspace-analysis techniques. The techniques described include static and dynamic headspace extraction, solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) and several additional techniques now receiving attention. Examples of applications in environmental, clinical, forensic, biological, food, flavor and pharmaceutical analysis are provided. Research in headspace-GC is very active and growing, with new applications being reported continually.