Engaging in research of any kind is a privilege that carries with it weighty ethical responsibilities and opportunities. Laboratory (“lab”) animal research is a scholarly enterprise that has played an important role in the development of psychology as a science, including the development of its ethical dimensions. Much has been written on the subject, and a thorough review is beyond the scope of this chapter. Here, we articulate a practical, educational approach to the ethical care and use of lab animals in psychology in the United States. The usefulness of our suggestions will vary depending on readers’ prior knowledge, as well as on the nature of her or his past, current, and prospective relationship to lab animal research as scholar, practicing scientist, teacher, and citizen. In addition to helping ensure that lab animal research is carried out ethically, this approach should elevate the discourse about research ethics and yield skills in reasoning transferable to other domains.