With the vehicle-to-grid and computing capabilities, a parked electric vehicle (EV) has a dual role, namely being an energy prosumer as well as a computing node for accommodating computation-offloading services. This dual-role feature of EVs yields a new computing paradigm named Electric Vehicle Edge Computing (EVEC). To ease the implementation of EVEC, we propose a fine-grained EV management approach to jointly provide parking guidance for EVs and control their charging/discharging power in parking lots. We formulate a bilevel optimization problem where the top-level problem optimizes the matching between EVs and parking lots from the perspective of computation offloading, and the bottom-level problem optimizes the control of EV charging/discharging power from the view of power networks. We transform the bilevel optimization problem into a single-level form, which is a nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem, and we further tackle it by linearization techniques. Finally, we provide numerical results to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approach. © 2022 IEEE.
- Bilevel optimization,
- edge computing,
- electric vehicle,
- parking and power management,
- Air navigation,
- computation offloading,
- Electric vehicles,
- Integer programming,
- Nonlinear programming
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