Presentation
Empirical dynamic process models for a direct methanol fuel cell
Fourteenth Annual GRACE Symposium,
(2013)
Abstract
A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been A classic approach to dynamic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) modeling that has rarely been explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack explored in literature is adopted. The experimental work considers a laboratory setup of DMFC stack with multiple cells. Leastwith multiple cells. Least with multiple cells. Leastwith multiple cells. Leastwith multiple cells. Leastwith multiple cells. Leastwith multiple cells. Least with multiple cells. Least with multiple cells. Least with multiple cells. Least with multiple cells. Leastwith multiple cells. Leastwith multiple cells. Leastwith multiple cells. Least with multiple cells. Leastwith multiple cells. Least-squares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected exper squares analysis of selected exper squares analysis of selected exper squares analysis of selected exper squares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected exper squares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected exper squares analysis of selected exper squares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected exper squares analysis of selected expersquares analysis of selected exper imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the imental data is performed to fit the parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses parameters of the process models. When compared to experimental responses, model responses show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict show that the outputs, such as cell voltage and electrode outlet temperatures, can be adequately predict the eff ect of the eff ect of the eff ect of the eff ect of the eff ect of the eff ect of the eff ect of the eff ect of the eff ect of the eff ect of the eff ect of step changes in the airstep changes in the air step changes in the airstep changes in the air step changes in the airstep changes in the airstep changes in the airstep changes in the airstep changes in the airstep changes in the airstep changes in the airstep changes in the airstep changes in the airstep changes in the airstep changes in the airstep changes in the air step changes in the air -flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response flow rate and current density input variables. The voltage response has faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a time has faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a time has faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a time has faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a time has faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a time has faster dynamics, with a timehas faster dynamics, with a time-constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode constant parameter close to 10 s, than the anode and cathode temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of temperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order oftemperatures with time constants greater than a minute for an order of magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current magnitude increase in current density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 density. However, the dynamics of cell voltage is slower as time constant approximately 400 s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current s, whereas the dynamics of temperatures remain relatively unchanged for decrease in current density to 0density to 0 density to 0density to 0 density to 0density to 0density to 0 density to 0density to 0 mA/cm^2. The mA/cm^2. The mA/cm^2. The mA/cm^2. The mA/cm^2. The mA/cm^2. The mA/cm^2. The mA/cm^2. The mA/cm^2. The temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower temperature dynamics, with time constant between 50 and 120 s, are lower for a step increase in airfor a step increase in airfor a step increase in airfor a step increase in airfor a step increase in air for a step increase in airfor a step increase in air for a step increase in airfor a step increase in air for a step increase in air for a step increase in air for a step increase in airfor a step increase in air for a step increase in air for a step increase in airfor a step increase in air -flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be flow rate than for a step decrease. The temperature model parameters can be utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistutilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consist utilized together to develop optimal temperature controllers maintain consistent thermal ent thermal ent thermal ent thermal ent thermal ent thermal management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance. management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance. management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance. management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance. management and improved DMFC performance. management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance. management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance.management and improved DMFC performance. management
Keywords
- fuel cell,
- dynamic direct methanol fuel cell
Disciplines
Publication Date
April 4, 2013
Location
Gainesville, FL
Citation Information
Biswas, M. A. R. (2013, April). Empirical dynamic process models for a direct methanol fuel cell. Fourteenth Annual GRACE Symposium. Gainesville, FL: Graduate Association of Chemical Engineers and Department of Chemical Engineering.