Steel H-piles have been used widely in bridge construction throughout the U.S. because of their relatively large load-carrying capacity while occupying a small area. However, many H-piles suffer from corrosion, which may lead to abrupt collapse. A cost-effective repair technique, including encasing the corroded region of the steel pile into a concrete jacket, which acts as an alternative load path for the applied axial load, has been used by several state Departments of Transportation. Methyl methacrylate polymer concrete (MMA-PC) is a type of concrete that is commonly used as a repair material. However, there is limited research on the assessment of bond strength between MMA-PC and steel elements. This paper investigates experimentally the bond behavior of seven full-scale steel H-piles encased in concrete jackets. The jackets were cast using either MMA-PC or Portland cement concrete (CC). Different embedment lengths of 63.5mm (2.5 in.), 127mm (5 in.), and 190.5mm (7.5 in.) were used for the MMA-PC and one embedment length of 254mm (10 in.) was used for the CC jacket. Cylindrical and prismatic jacket configurations were used and tested using push-out. The experimental results revealed that using the MMA-PC jacket was more effective compared with the CC jacket in relation to the load-carrying capacity. For design purposes, a shear bond stress of 2.96 MPa [0.43 kips per square inch (ksi)] can be used for MMA-PC jackets having an embedment length of at least 127mm (5 in.) whereas a value of 0.83 MPa (0.12 ksi) can be used for CC.