Steel H-piles are exposed during their service life to wet-dry cycles in combination with salts, such as deicing, that may result in corrosion, leading to cross-sectional loss and reduction in axial load-carrying capacity. This paper proposes an innovative repair method for corroded steel H-piles using ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) plates. The UHPC plates are reinforced with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) grids. The UHPC plates bridge the corroded segment so that the axial force bypasses the corroded segment. The UHPC are bolted to the steel H-pile using high-strength bolt connectors (HSBCs). Eleven steel H-piles bolted with UHPC plates were investigated experimentally under push-out loading to quantify the axial force that can be transferred from a steel H-pile to UHPC plates through HSBCs. The examined parameters were the UHPC plate thickness, the diameter of HSBC, and the number of CFRP grid layers. The results were compared with those predicted using different design codes and guidelines. The UHPC plates attached to the steel H-pile could transfer axial loads ranging from 35% to 98% of the steel H-piles’ ultimate axial capacity. Further, the installation of the UHPC plate on a steel pile can be completed in about 2 h with minimal equipment, making it a promising repair candidate in real-world applications.