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Article
Risk factors for severe PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalised children
BMJ Open
(2022)
Abstract
Objective To identify risk factors for severe disease in children hospitalised for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Design Multicentre retrospective cohort study.
Setting 18 hospitals in Canada, Iran and Costa Rica from 1 February 2020 to 31 May 2021.
Patients Children<18 years of age hospitalised for symptomatic PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection, including PCR-positive multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
Main outcome measure Severity on the WHO COVID-19 Clinical Progression Scale was used for ordinal logistic regression analyses.
Results We identified 403 hospitalisations. Median age was 3.78 years (IQR 0.53–10.77). At least one comorbidity was present in 46.4% (187/403) and multiple comorbidities in 18.6% (75/403). Eighty-one children (20.1%) met WHO criteria for PCR-positive MIS-C. Progression to WHO clinical scale score ≥6 occurred in 25.3% (102/403). In multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, chest imaging findings, laboratory-confirmed bacterial and/or viral coinfection, and MIS-C diagnosis, presence of a single (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.90, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.20) or multiple chronic comorbidities (aOR 2.12, 95%CI 1.19 to 3.79), obesity (aOR 3.42, 95%CI 1.76 to 6.66) and chromosomal disorders (aOR 4.47, 95%CI 1.25 to 16.01) were independent risk factors for severity. Age was not an independent risk factor, but different age-specific comorbidities were associated with more severe disease in age-stratified adjusted analyses: cardiac (aOR 2.90, 95%CI 1.11 to 7.56) and non-asthma pulmonary disorders (aOR 3.07, 95%CI 1.26 to 7.49) in children<12 years old and obesity (aOR 3.69, 1.45–9.40) in adolescents≥12 years old. Among infants<1year old, neurological (aOR 10.72, 95%CI 1.01 to 113.35) and cardiac disorders (aOR 10.13, 95%CI 1.69 to 60.54) were independent predictors of severe disease.
Conclusion We identified risk factors for disease severity among children hospitalised for PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection. Comorbidities predisposing children to more severe disease may vary by age. These findings can potentially guide vaccination programmes and treatment approaches in children
Keywords
- COVID-19,
- SARS-Co-V2; Risk factors; children; disease severity
Disciplines
Publication Date
Summer August 4, 2022
DOI
10.1136/bmjpo-2022-001440
Publisher Statement
NA
Citation Information
: Schober T, Caya C,
Barton M, et al. Risk factors
for severe PCR-positive SARSCoV-2 infection in hospitalised
children. BMJ Paediatrics Open
2022;6:e001440. doi:10.1136/
bmjpo-2022-001440