This article examines the recently introduced habitual residence clause in Irish social welfare law. Part 1 sets out the background to the significant change. Part 2 outlines the legislation. Part 3 discusses the meaning of the term "habitual residence" while Part 4 looks at possible issues under EU law, in particular Council Regulations 1408/71 and 1612/68.1 Part 5 considers the possible impact of other international legal instruments.