Case Report 1: A research article was submitted and later withdrawn, even though it was proceeding nicely through the review process at the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine (JABFM). On further investigation, the author reported they had originally submitted the manuscript to a predatory journal, but within 48 hours recognized their error and requested withdrawal of the article. The predatory journal published the article anyway, without permission, a fact discovered only during the review process at JABFM.