This chapter discusses global challenges and local responses to these challenges in English teacher education, particularly in relation to English language education in the Philippines. It outlines the issues posed by globalization, the government’s responses to these issues, the role of English teacher education in relation to the socioeconomic and political agenda of the Philippine government, the responses from the community to these developments, and the concerns generated by such responses. More importantly, the chapter examines the factors that play a role in influencing the way the government as well as the community respond to “global challenges” and the critical issues arising from these responses.