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Selected Works of Linda A. Camras
Article
Japanese and American Infants' Responses to Arm Restraint
Developmental Psychology (1992)
  • Linda A. Camras
  • Harriet Oster, New York University School of Medicine
  • Joseph Campos, University of California, Berkeley
  • Kazuo Miyake, Kawamura Gakuen Women's University
  • Donna Bradshaw, Harvard University
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Abstract
Five- and 12-month-old Japanese and American infants participated in a nonpainful arm restraint
procedure. Facial responses were scored with an anatomically based coding system (Baby FACS, an
adaptation for infants of Ekman and Friesen's, 1978, Facial Action Coding System, or FACS).
Nonfacial body activity (struggling) and negative vocalizations also were scored. Results showed
that older infants' latencies to negative response were shorter than those of younger infants, and
older infants produced proportionately more negative facial behavior. In addition, 5-month-old
American infants produced criterion negative facial expressions more quickly than 5-month-old
Japanese infants. However, infants of both cultures at both ages eventually produced similar facial
configurations and nonfacial behaviors. These findings support the hypothesis that infants' emotional
facial expressions are universal.
Disciplines
Publication Date
1992
Citation Information
Linda A. Camras, Harriet Oster, Joseph Campos, Kazuo Miyake, et al.. "Japanese and American Infants' Responses to Arm Restraint" Developmental Psychology Vol. 28 Iss. 4 (1992) p. 578 - 583 ISSN: 0012-1649
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/linda_camras/43/