An empty core describes that situation which a market cannot handle but which a firm can and does handle. Although economic theory uses the term firm to describe a business enterprise, partnerships and corporations are more accurate terms. Networks of circuits are corporations in this application of core theory. Circuits correspond to corporate subsidiaries. Owners of a corporation can buy or sell as many shares as they please in the organized stock market without the consent of other owners unlike a partnership. Let the votes of the owners of a corporation equal their value weighted share of the corporation’s total value. Value weighted voting favors concentrated ownership. While it resolves an empty core, it preserves the status quo. This can sacrifice the global for a local optimum.

JEL C71 Cooperative Games, D53 Financial Markets, D72 Voting Behavior