In April 2010, Arizona State University agreed to pay $700,000 to 41 members of the Havasupai Indian tribe to settle claims that university researchers improperly used tribe members' blood samples in genetic research. The case illuminates the unresolved controversy over what constitutes adequate informed consent for biospecimens collected for research purposes to be stored and used in future, possibly unrelated studies. This article discusses the ethical issues arising in this area and proposes strategies for addressing them.