The interaction of quinone with luciferase from Photobacterium leiognathi was studied based on the fluorescence decay measurements of the endogenous flavin bound to the enzyme. Homologous 1,4-quinones, 1,4-benzoquinone, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2-methyl-5-isopropyl-1,4-benzoquine and 1,4-naphthoquinone, were investigated. In the absence of quinone, the fluorescence intensity and anisotropy decays of the endogenous flavin exhibited two intensity decay lifetimes (~ 1 and 5 ns) and two anisotropy decay lifetimes (~ 0.2 and 20 ns), suggesting a heterogeneous quenching and a rotational mobility microenvironment of the active site of the luciferase, respectively. In the presence of quinone, the intensity decay heterogeneity was largely maintained, whereas the fraction of the short anisotropy decay component and the averaged rotational rate of FMN increased with the increasing hydrophobicity of the quinone. We hypothesize that the hydrophobicity of the quinone plays a role in the non-specific inhibition mechanism of xenobiotic molecules in the bacterial bioluminescence system via altering the rotational mobility of the endogenous flavin in the luciferase.