A fast charged particle crossing the boundary between chiral matter and vacuum radiates transition radiation. Its most remarkable features—the resonant behavior at a certain emission angle and the circular polarization of the spectrum—depend on the parameters of the chiral anomaly in a particular material or matter. Chiral transition radiation can be used to investigate the chiral anomaly in such diverse media as the quark-gluon plasma, Weyl semimetals, and axionic dark matter.