Focuses on studies dealing with identification of hearing loss in newborns and infants (1960–1995). Studies report that the actual age of identification of hearing loss occurs substantially later than the age of 6 mo recommended by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Committee on Infant Hearing (1991). Damage in infancy can have a severe effect on development of speech and language. Measurement of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions results in a much earlier detection of hearing loss. A combination of strategies are needed to provide intervention and management strategies necessary to enable the children with significant sensorineural hearing loss to make optimal developmental progress; including effective neonatal hearing screening based on sound and effective technology and criteria, parent education and involvement, appropriate diagnostic testing, aggressive followup, and education of health care professionals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)