Randomization is the foundation of any randomized controlled trial involving treatment comparisons. The major benefits of randomization in the context of clinical trials are:

• Randomization helps mitigate various experimental biases.
• It promotes comparability of treatment groups with respect to important known and unknown prognostic factors that may be correlated with the primary outcome.
• It is the basis for the validity of standard statistical tests and makes the underlying assumptions of random sampling more plausible.
• It can form the basis for statistical inference through re-randomization tests.