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Atoll Island Hydrogeology: Flow and Freshwater Occurrence in a Tidally Dominated System
Journal of Hydrology (1990)
  • June Ann Oberdorfer, San Jose State University
  • P. H. Hogan, San Jose State University
  • R. W Buddemeier, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Abstract
A layered-aquifer model of groundwater occurrence in an atoll island was tested with a solute-transport numerical model. The computer model used, SUTRA, incorporates density-dependent flow. This can be significant in freshwater-saltwater interactions associated with the freshwater lens of an atoll island. Boundary conditions for the model included ocean and lagoon tidal variations. The model was calibrated to field data from Enjebi Island, Enewetak Atoll, and tested for sensitivity to a variety of parameters. This resulted in a hydraulic conductivity of 10 m day−1 for the surficial aquifer and 1000 m day−1 for the deeper aquifer; this combination of values gave an excellent reproduction of the tidal response data from test wells. The average salinity distribution was closely reproduced using a dispersivity of 0.02m. The computer simulation quantitatively supports the layered-aquifer model, including under conditions of density-dependent flow, and shows that tidal variations are the predominant driving force for flow beneath the island. The oscillating, vertical flow produced by the tidal variations creates an extensive mixing zone of brackish water. The layered-aquifer model with tidally driven flow is a significant improvement over the Ghyben-Herzberg-Dupuit model as it is conventionally applied to groundwater studies for many Pacific reef islands.
Disciplines
Publication Date
1990
Citation Information
June Ann Oberdorfer, P. H. Hogan and R. W Buddemeier. "Atoll Island Hydrogeology: Flow and Freshwater Occurrence in a Tidally Dominated System" Journal of Hydrology Vol. 120 (1990)
Available at: http://works.bepress.com/june_oberdorfer/9/