Coyotes (Canis latrans) have expanded into the eastern United States over the last 100 years. Increases in their distribution and abundance have been documented and concerns about their presence in urban areas and their impact on both native wildlife and domestic livestock are growing. These effects require further investigation and may require changes to management strategies. Two documents, a book and a technical bulletin, provide general overviews of the biology of eastern coyotes. However, these documents are not comprehensive, and are either not readily available or were published >15 years ago. We provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature to illuminate gaps in our knowledge that can be used to direct future research.