In recent years, the trade volume between China and six GCC countries has risen substantially, and with these commercial relations, China has become a major economic partner for the GCC. This article analyzes the economics of China-GCC economic interdependence. It begins with an analysis of the features of the political economic relationship, focusing on energy, trade, investment, and infrastructure and construction projects. It then discusses the process of formalizing these relationships through the ongoing negotiation of the China-GCC Free Trade Agreement. It then examines how this economic relationship can intensify through GCC cooperation in China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative.